Stepper motor drives are open-loop control motor systems that convert electrical pulse signals into angular or linear displacement. They are widely used in automation equipment, industrial robots, CNC machine tools, and other fields. Their core principle is to receive pulse signals and rotate according to a set direction, speed, and acceleration. Each pulse corresponds to a fixed step angle, thus achieving precise position control. Due to their advantages such as simple structure, convenient control, high positioning accuracy, and no cumulative error, stepper motor drives have become the preferred solution in many scenarios requiring precise motion control.
Technical Principles and Classification
A stepper motor drive system mainly consists of three parts: a stepper motor, a driver, and a controller. The driver receives pulse signals from the controller and converts them into current changes in the motor windings, driving the motor to rotate. Based on their structure and working principle, stepper motors are mainly classified into three types: permanent magnet (PM), reactive (VR), and hybrid (HB). Among them, hybrid stepper motors combine the advantages of the former two, featuring high torque, low vibration, and low noise, and are currently the most widely used type.